INGREDIENTS

AMOUNT

SUBSTITUTES

Baking Powder

1 tsp

• ¼ tsp baking soda plus ½ cream of tartar
• ¼ tsp baking soda plus ½ cup buttermilk or sour milk (decrease liquid called for in recipe by ½ cup)

Butter

1 cup

• 7/8 to 1 cup hydrogenated fat plus ½ tsp salt
• 7/8 cup lard plus ½ tsp salt
• 1 cup margarine

Chocolate (semisweet)

5/3 ounces

• 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp sugar

Chocolate Chips

1 ounce

• 1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate

Chocolate (unsweetened)

1 ounce

• 3 tbsp cocoa plus 1 tbsp fat

Cracker crumbs

¾ cup

• 1 cup bread crumbs

Cream, light

1 cup

• 7/8 cup milk plus 3 tbsp butter

Cream, heavy

1 cup

• 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter

Cream, sour

1 cup

• 3 tbsp butter plus 7/8 cup sour milk

Egg

1 whole

• 3 tbsp slightly beaten egg
• 3 tbsp sifted dry whole egg powder plus 5/2 tbsp lukewarm water
• 2 yolks plus 1 tbsp water (cookies)
• 2 yolks (custards, etc)

Flour, all-purpose

1 cup sifted

• 1 cup plus 2 tbsp sifted cake flour
• 7/8 cup cornmeal
• 3/2 cup bread crumbs
• 1 cup rolled oats

Flour, cake

1 cup sifted

• 7/8 cup sifted all-purpose flour

Flour, (for thickening)

1 tbsp

• ½ to ¾ tbsp cornstarch, potato starch, rice starch, arrowroot
• 1 tbsp granular tapioca
• 1 whole egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 eggs yolks

Garlic

1 clove

• 1/8 tsp garlic powder

Ginger

1/8 tsp powdered

• 1 tbsp candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar

Herbs, fresh

1 tbsp, finely cut

• 1 tsp dried herbs

Honey

1 cup

• 5/4 cup sugar plus ¼ cup water

Macaroni

2 cups, uncooked

• 2 cups spaghetti uncooked
• 4 cups noodles uncooked

Milk, buttermilk or sour

1 cup

• 1 cup sweet milk minus 1 tbsp plus 1 tbsp lemon juice or vinegar (allow to stand for 5-10 min)

Milk, evaporated

½ cup plus

½ cup water

• 1 cup liquid whole milk

Milk, whole

1 quart

1 cup

• 1 quart liquid skim milk plus 3/2 ounces butter

Milk, skim

1 cup

• 1/3 cup instant nonfat to dry milk and enough ice water to make 8 ounces